Changes on Moisture Content and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis L.) Seeds During Short Period Storage Using Polypropylene and Vacuum Plastic in AC Controlled Room
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Published:
Dec 1, 2020
Keywords:
seed storage, oil palm, storage medium, seed water content, electrical conductivity
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Abstract
Factors which influence decline in seed vigor during storage are temperature and humidity in the storage room, as well as utilized storage medium. This study was aimed to obtain information on the effect of different storage media on its ability to maintain moisture content (MC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of oil palm seeds in an AC controlled storage condition. The study was conducted using complete randomized design with single factor, i.e. storage medium with three levels: single polypropylene (PP) plastic (M1), double PP (M2), and vacuum plastic (M3). Results of the experiment showed that the AC controlled condition caused decreases in seed MC at different rates between treatment levels where measured water loss was 11.47% on M3, higher than those of M1 (8.13%) and M2 (6.18%). Even though the three levels indicated decreases on seed MC, the final MC (13.8%) was still higher than that which is allowed (10-12%) for oil palm seed storage, as EC value (2,69 – 3,04 µS.cm-1.g-1) at the end of the trial. For short period (104 d) storage, both parameters showed positive correlation with 0.77 coeffsien of correlation value.
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Arif, M., & Palupi , E. R. (2020). Changes on Moisture Content and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis L.) Seeds During Short Period Storage Using Polypropylene and Vacuum Plastic in AC Controlled Room. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, 28(3), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v28i3.122
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References
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Arif, M. dan D. Sihombing. 2015. Penurunan kadar air benih kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) selama proses penyimpanan benih dengan menggunakan media kantung plastik linear low density. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 23(3): 101-108.
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Balachander, B.S., N.H. Netha and D.G. Dalvi. 2018. Effect of Genotypes and Containers on Physiological and Biochemical Changes during Storage of Soybean seed (Glycine max L. Merrill). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 6: 1836-1851.
Corley, RHV, PB Tinker. 2016. The Oil Palm. 5th Ed. Wiley Blackwell. United Kingdom.
[Ditjenbun] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2017. Statistik perkebunan Indonesia 2016-2018 Kelapa Sawit. Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta. Indonesia.
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Fatonah, K., I. Suliansyah, N. Rozen. 2017. Electrical conductivity for seed vigor test in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Cell Biology & Development 1(1): 6-12.
Hartawan, R. dan Y. Nengsih. 2012. Kadar air dan karbohidrat berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kualitas benih karet. Agrovigor 5(2): 103-112.
[ISTA] International Seed Testing Association. 2010. International Rules for Seed Testing Edition. Switzerland: The International Seed Testing Association.
Justice, O. dan Bass L.N. 2002. Prinsip dan praktek penyimpanan benih. Roesli R, penerjemah. Terjemahan dari: Principles and practices of seed storage. Jakarta (ID):PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Karim, M.R., M.A. Rahim and G.A. Fakir. 2005. Effect of storage containers on seed quality of onion. Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. Technol., 9(1&2): 27-31.
Karrfalt R.P. 2010. Equilibrium relative humidity as a tool to monitor seed moisture. Dalam: Riley L. E., Pinto J. R., dan Dumroese R. K. (Eds.). National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. USDA Forest Service. Amerika.
Kartika, M. Surahman, M. Susanti. 2015. Pematahan dormansi benih kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Menggunakan KNO3 dan skarifikasi. Enviagro, 8(2): 48- 55
Kee, N.S., H. von Uexkull., R. Hardter. 2003. Botanical aspects of the oil palm relevant to crop management. T. Fairhurst & R. Hardter (eds). Oil palm: management for large and sustainable yields. International Plant Nutrition Institute and International Potash Institute.
Liwang, T., A. Daryanto, E. Gumbira-Said, dan N. Nuryartono. 2012. Analisa dinamika perkembangan industri benih kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Sosial, 1(2): 115-125.
Lubis, AU. 2008. Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Indonesia. 2nd edn. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. Medan.
Lv Y.Y., X.Q. He, X.W. Hu and Y.R. Wang. 2017. The Seed Semipermeable Layer and Its Relation to Seed Quality Assessment in Four Grass Species. Front. Plant Sci. 8(1175): 1-9
Martine, BM, KK Laurent, BJ Pierre, KK Eugène, KT Hilaire, KY Justin. 2009. Effect of storage and heat treatments on the germination of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seed. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(10): 931-937.
Masykur. 2013. Pengembangan industry kelapa sawit sebagai penghasil energi bahan bakar alternative dan mengurangi pemanasan global (Studi di Riau sebagai penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di Indonesia). Jurnal Reformasi, 3(2): 96-107.
Noviana, I., A. Qadir, dan F. C. Suwarno. 2016. Perilaku Biokimia Benih Kedelai Selama Penyimpanan dalam Kondisi Terkontrol. J. Agron. Indonesia 44(3): 255 – 260.
Noviana I., I.G.P.A. Diratmaja, A. Qadir dan F.C. Suwarno. 2017. Pendugaan deteriorasi benih kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) selama penyimpanan. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 19(1): 1-12.
Nuno, L., I.G.N. Raka, dan H. Yuswanti. 2017. Pengaruh penundaan waktu prosesing terhadap mutu benih padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Membramo. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika, 6(3): 259-268.
Nurisma, I., Agustiansyah, dan M. Kamal. 2015. Pengaruh jenis kemasan dan suhu ruang simpan terhadap viabilitas benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 15(3): 183-190.
Ozden, E., N. Memis, D. Kapcak, E. Durmus, C. Ozdamar, M. Ozdemir, and I. Demir. 2017. Electrical conductivity relates seed germination in cress. 2nd International Balkan Agriculture Congress - Electronic Book. http://agribalkan2017.nku.edu.tr/.
Pamungkas, P.B., dan M. Kusberyunadi. 2020. Studi Daya Hantar Listrik Terhadap Mutu Fisiologis Benih Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dengan Perlakuan Invigorasi Matriconditioning dan Osmoconditioning. Agroteknika 3(1): 16-25.
Pamungkas, P.B., Supriyono, E. Purwanto. 2018. The relations of electric conductivity with physiological characteristic of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) seeds by matriconditioning invigoration treatment when stored. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66(4): 883-888.
Pramesti, B.A. dan Syamsuddin. 2015. Pengaruh kadar air awal dan jenis kemasan terhadap kualitas benih jagung (Zea mays L.) serta populasi hama bubuk Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. selama penyimpanan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Serealia: 507-515.
Pramono, E., M. Kamal, K. Setiawan, dan M. A. Tantia. 2019. Pengaruh lama simpan dan suhu ruang penyimpanan pada kemunduran dan vigor benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench.) Varietas Samurai-1. J. Agrotek Tropika, 7(3): 383 - 389
Prastyo, H.A., Tamrin, dan Oktafri. 2017. Uji kinerja alat pemecah benih kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 6(2): 115-124.
Purba, J.H.V. dan T. Sipayung. 2017. Perkebunan kelapa sawit Indonesia dalam perspektif pembangunan berkelanjutan. Masyarakat Indonesia, 43(1): 81-94.
Rahmi, S., U. Ahmad, dan D. Wulandani. 2016. Pendugaan umur simpan benih kedelai menggunakan metode accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT). Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 4(1): 75-80.
Rao, N. K., Hanson J., Dulloo M.E., Ghosh K., Nowell D. and Larinde M. 2006. Manual of seed handling in genebanks. Handbooks for Genebanks No. 8. Bioversity International. Roma. Italy.
Silva, R., C.R.S. Grzybowski, J.B. Franca-Neto and M. Panobianco, 2013. Adaptation of the tetrazolium test for assessmentof sunflower seed viability and vigor. Pesqui. Agropec. Bras., 48: 105-113.
Silverstein, T.P. 1998. The Real Reason Why Oil and Water Don’t Mix. Journal of Chemical Education 75(1): 116-118.
Suryanto, H. 2013. Pengaruh beberapa perlakuan penyimpanan terhadap perkecambahan benih suren (Toona sureni). Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 2 (1): 26-40.
Szemruch, C.L., S.J. Renteria, F. Moreira, M.A. Cantamutto, L. Ferrari and D.P. Rondanini, 2014. Germination, vigour and dormancy of sunflower seeds following chemical desiccation of female plants. Seed Sci. Technol., 42: 454-460.
Szemruch, C., O. Del Longo, L. Ferrari, S. Renteria, M. Murcia, M. Cantamutto and D. Rondanini. 2015. Ranges of Vigor Based on the Electrical Conductivity Test in Dehulled Sunflower Seeds. Research Journal of Seed Science, 8(1): 12-21.
Taghfir, D.B., S. Anwar, B.A. Kristanto. 2018. Kualitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit cabai (Capsicum frutescens L.) pada perlakuan suhu dan wadah penyimpanan yang berbeda. J. Agro Complex, 2(2):137-147
Takos, I., G. Varsamis, T. Merou and C. Alexiou. 2012. Can electrical conductivity predict seed germination of three pinus species?. Silvae Genetica, 61-4/5, 168-170.
Tambunsaribu, D. W., S. Anwar, dan D. R. Lukiwati. 2017. Viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L) pada beberapa jenis media simpan dan tingkat kelembaban. J. Agro Complex, 1(3):135-142.
Tatipata A. 2007. Pengaruh kadar air awal, kemasan, dan lama simpan terhadap protein membran dalam mitokondria benih kedelai. Bul. Agron., 36(1): 8-16
Timotiwu, P. B., E. Pramono, Agustiansyah dan N. W. A. S. Asih. 2017. Effect of storage periods on physical quality and seed vigor of four varieties of sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor [L.] Moench). Research in Agriculture 2(2): 29-40.
Ali, M.R., M.M. Rahman, M.A. Wadud, A.H.F. Fahim and M.S. Nahar. Effect of seed moisture content and storage container on seed viability and vigour of soybean. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 21(1): 131-141.
Arif, M. dan D. Sihombing. 2015. Penurunan kadar air benih kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) selama proses penyimpanan benih dengan menggunakan media kantung plastik linear low density. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 23(3): 101-108.
Arif, M. dan N. M. A. Illahi. 2018. Aplikasi metode oven suhu tinggi tetap dan benih utuh dalam pengujian kadar air benih kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis L. Jacq.). J. Pen. Kelapa Sawit, 2018, 26(3): 153-159.
Balachander, B.S., N.H. Netha and D.G. Dalvi. 2018. Effect of Genotypes and Containers on Physiological and Biochemical Changes during Storage of Soybean seed (Glycine max L. Merrill). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 6: 1836-1851.
Corley, RHV, PB Tinker. 2016. The Oil Palm. 5th Ed. Wiley Blackwell. United Kingdom.
[Ditjenbun] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2017. Statistik perkebunan Indonesia 2016-2018 Kelapa Sawit. Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta. Indonesia.
Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., Roberts, E.H. and Soetisna, U. 1991. Seed storage behavior in Elaeis guineensis. Seed Science Research 1. hh. 99-104.
Fatonah, K., I. Suliansyah, N. Rozen. 2017. Electrical conductivity for seed vigor test in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Cell Biology & Development 1(1): 6-12.
Hartawan, R. dan Y. Nengsih. 2012. Kadar air dan karbohidrat berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kualitas benih karet. Agrovigor 5(2): 103-112.
[ISTA] International Seed Testing Association. 2010. International Rules for Seed Testing Edition. Switzerland: The International Seed Testing Association.
Justice, O. dan Bass L.N. 2002. Prinsip dan praktek penyimpanan benih. Roesli R, penerjemah. Terjemahan dari: Principles and practices of seed storage. Jakarta (ID):PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Karim, M.R., M.A. Rahim and G.A. Fakir. 2005. Effect of storage containers on seed quality of onion. Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. Technol., 9(1&2): 27-31.
Karrfalt R.P. 2010. Equilibrium relative humidity as a tool to monitor seed moisture. Dalam: Riley L. E., Pinto J. R., dan Dumroese R. K. (Eds.). National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. USDA Forest Service. Amerika.
Kartika, M. Surahman, M. Susanti. 2015. Pematahan dormansi benih kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Menggunakan KNO3 dan skarifikasi. Enviagro, 8(2): 48- 55
Kee, N.S., H. von Uexkull., R. Hardter. 2003. Botanical aspects of the oil palm relevant to crop management. T. Fairhurst & R. Hardter (eds). Oil palm: management for large and sustainable yields. International Plant Nutrition Institute and International Potash Institute.
Liwang, T., A. Daryanto, E. Gumbira-Said, dan N. Nuryartono. 2012. Analisa dinamika perkembangan industri benih kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Sosial, 1(2): 115-125.
Lubis, AU. 2008. Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Indonesia. 2nd edn. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. Medan.
Lv Y.Y., X.Q. He, X.W. Hu and Y.R. Wang. 2017. The Seed Semipermeable Layer and Its Relation to Seed Quality Assessment in Four Grass Species. Front. Plant Sci. 8(1175): 1-9
Martine, BM, KK Laurent, BJ Pierre, KK Eugène, KT Hilaire, KY Justin. 2009. Effect of storage and heat treatments on the germination of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seed. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(10): 931-937.
Masykur. 2013. Pengembangan industry kelapa sawit sebagai penghasil energi bahan bakar alternative dan mengurangi pemanasan global (Studi di Riau sebagai penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di Indonesia). Jurnal Reformasi, 3(2): 96-107.
Noviana, I., A. Qadir, dan F. C. Suwarno. 2016. Perilaku Biokimia Benih Kedelai Selama Penyimpanan dalam Kondisi Terkontrol. J. Agron. Indonesia 44(3): 255 – 260.
Noviana I., I.G.P.A. Diratmaja, A. Qadir dan F.C. Suwarno. 2017. Pendugaan deteriorasi benih kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) selama penyimpanan. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 19(1): 1-12.
Nuno, L., I.G.N. Raka, dan H. Yuswanti. 2017. Pengaruh penundaan waktu prosesing terhadap mutu benih padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Membramo. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika, 6(3): 259-268.
Nurisma, I., Agustiansyah, dan M. Kamal. 2015. Pengaruh jenis kemasan dan suhu ruang simpan terhadap viabilitas benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 15(3): 183-190.
Ozden, E., N. Memis, D. Kapcak, E. Durmus, C. Ozdamar, M. Ozdemir, and I. Demir. 2017. Electrical conductivity relates seed germination in cress. 2nd International Balkan Agriculture Congress - Electronic Book. http://agribalkan2017.nku.edu.tr/.
Pamungkas, P.B., dan M. Kusberyunadi. 2020. Studi Daya Hantar Listrik Terhadap Mutu Fisiologis Benih Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dengan Perlakuan Invigorasi Matriconditioning dan Osmoconditioning. Agroteknika 3(1): 16-25.
Pamungkas, P.B., Supriyono, E. Purwanto. 2018. The relations of electric conductivity with physiological characteristic of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) seeds by matriconditioning invigoration treatment when stored. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66(4): 883-888.
Pramesti, B.A. dan Syamsuddin. 2015. Pengaruh kadar air awal dan jenis kemasan terhadap kualitas benih jagung (Zea mays L.) serta populasi hama bubuk Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. selama penyimpanan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Serealia: 507-515.
Pramono, E., M. Kamal, K. Setiawan, dan M. A. Tantia. 2019. Pengaruh lama simpan dan suhu ruang penyimpanan pada kemunduran dan vigor benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench.) Varietas Samurai-1. J. Agrotek Tropika, 7(3): 383 - 389
Prastyo, H.A., Tamrin, dan Oktafri. 2017. Uji kinerja alat pemecah benih kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 6(2): 115-124.
Purba, J.H.V. dan T. Sipayung. 2017. Perkebunan kelapa sawit Indonesia dalam perspektif pembangunan berkelanjutan. Masyarakat Indonesia, 43(1): 81-94.
Rahmi, S., U. Ahmad, dan D. Wulandani. 2016. Pendugaan umur simpan benih kedelai menggunakan metode accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT). Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 4(1): 75-80.
Rao, N. K., Hanson J., Dulloo M.E., Ghosh K., Nowell D. and Larinde M. 2006. Manual of seed handling in genebanks. Handbooks for Genebanks No. 8. Bioversity International. Roma. Italy.
Silva, R., C.R.S. Grzybowski, J.B. Franca-Neto and M. Panobianco, 2013. Adaptation of the tetrazolium test for assessmentof sunflower seed viability and vigor. Pesqui. Agropec. Bras., 48: 105-113.
Silverstein, T.P. 1998. The Real Reason Why Oil and Water Don’t Mix. Journal of Chemical Education 75(1): 116-118.
Suryanto, H. 2013. Pengaruh beberapa perlakuan penyimpanan terhadap perkecambahan benih suren (Toona sureni). Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 2 (1): 26-40.
Szemruch, C.L., S.J. Renteria, F. Moreira, M.A. Cantamutto, L. Ferrari and D.P. Rondanini, 2014. Germination, vigour and dormancy of sunflower seeds following chemical desiccation of female plants. Seed Sci. Technol., 42: 454-460.
Szemruch, C., O. Del Longo, L. Ferrari, S. Renteria, M. Murcia, M. Cantamutto and D. Rondanini. 2015. Ranges of Vigor Based on the Electrical Conductivity Test in Dehulled Sunflower Seeds. Research Journal of Seed Science, 8(1): 12-21.
Taghfir, D.B., S. Anwar, B.A. Kristanto. 2018. Kualitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit cabai (Capsicum frutescens L.) pada perlakuan suhu dan wadah penyimpanan yang berbeda. J. Agro Complex, 2(2):137-147
Takos, I., G. Varsamis, T. Merou and C. Alexiou. 2012. Can electrical conductivity predict seed germination of three pinus species?. Silvae Genetica, 61-4/5, 168-170.
Tambunsaribu, D. W., S. Anwar, dan D. R. Lukiwati. 2017. Viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L) pada beberapa jenis media simpan dan tingkat kelembaban. J. Agro Complex, 1(3):135-142.
Tatipata A. 2007. Pengaruh kadar air awal, kemasan, dan lama simpan terhadap protein membran dalam mitokondria benih kedelai. Bul. Agron., 36(1): 8-16
Timotiwu, P. B., E. Pramono, Agustiansyah dan N. W. A. S. Asih. 2017. Effect of storage periods on physical quality and seed vigor of four varieties of sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor [L.] Moench). Research in Agriculture 2(2): 29-40.