Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Infectiveness And Effectiveness Tests Of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) In Increasing The Availability Of Nutrient P, Total Microbes, And Soil Respiration In Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Seeds

2024-08-21T07:26:01+00:00

This study aims to analyze root infection and spore types by mycorrhiza and examine the effect of biofertilizers on soil biological and soil chemical properties. The study used a single-factor Randomized Blok Design (RBD) with 6 treatment levels and 10 replications. Biofertilizer test treatments are control (A); standard NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) 2,5 g (B); 20 gr biofertilizer (C); 1 standard NPK+20 g biofertilizer (D); 3/4 standard NPK+20 g biofertilizer (E); and 1/2 standard NPK+20 g biofertilizer (F). The results showed that treatment with 3/4 standard NPK + 20 g of biological fertilizer (E) was able to colonize the roots of oil palm seedlings by 100%. The highest number of spores 94 spores/10 g, was found in the treatment of 1 standard NPK + 20 g of biological fertilizer with 6 types of spores, they were; Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Acaulospora sp1, Acaulospora sp2, and Acaulospora sp3. Application of mycorrhiza and various doses of NPK to oil palm seedlings showed an increase in the availability of phosphorus, total microbes, and respiration in the soil. Treatment of 1 standard NPK + 20 g of biological fertilizer was the best treatment in increasing the availability of P, which was 68,98 ppm. The highest total microbial population was found in the treatment of mycorrhizal biofertilizer 1/2 NPK + 20 g of biofertilizer, which was 31,76 x 105 SPK/g. The highest respiration was found in the treatment of 3/4 NPK + 20 g of biological fertilize, which was 7,94 g C/day.

Diagnosis of Macronutrients in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Using DOP and DRIS Methods

2024-08-21T07:26:02+00:00

Oil palm is an important plant in Indonesia. Good management must be practised to get high production. The fertilization management can still be improved to be more efficient and effective. Efficient fertilizer management begins with correct nutrient diagnosis. Two of the many diagnostic methods are the Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) method and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). This research was conducted using secondary data, the results of analysis of nutrient levels and production from several plantations in Kalimantan. The research consisted of various stages, namely data collection, determining productivity, determining norms, nutrient diagnosis, and data processing. The DOP and DRIS methods resulted in norm values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 2.63, 0.16, 1.01, 0.77, and 0.29, respectively. Ca has the most negative nutrient index (61% with DOP) and 58% with DRIS. Meanwhile, Mg has the highest positive nutrient index, 55% with DOP and 61% with DRIS, which shows that from all the data. Ca is the nutrient that is most abundant in deficient conditions, while Mg is most abundant in excess conditions. DOP and DRIS showed that the average sequence of nutrient requirements and signs were the same.

Application Of Urea Coated By Humic Acid and Nitrogen Inhibitor On Pre Nursery Phase Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Seedling

2024-08-21T07:26:02+00:00

Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, especially for oil palm. However, nitrogen fertilizer application from urea would likely result in losses in the soil due to leaching, volatilization, and immobilization by soil organic matter, which can cause nutrient unavailability for plant uptake. Humic acid and nitrogen inhibitors are believed to be two of the ameliorants that can increase nitrogen availability for plant uptake. The research aimed to evaluate the use of urea coated with humic acid and nitrogen inhibitors on the growth, biomass, and nitrogen efficiency of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery phase. The experiment was conducted in the Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute's greenhouse in Bogor. The experimental design was a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Factor 1 was the type of fertilizer, consisting of a) urea, b) urea + humic acid, and c) urea coated with humic acid. Factor 2 was the type of nitrogen inhibitor, consisting of a) without inhibitors, b) urease inhibitor, c) nitrification inhibitor, and d) urease and nitrification inhibitor. The results showed that in the type of fertilizer factor, urea coated with humic acid increased plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content by SPAD value, root length, root volume, fresh weight of shoot and root, root dry weight, nitrogen utilization efficiency by fertilizer, partial factor productivity, and partial nutrient balance. In the type of nitrogen inhibitors factor, urease inhibitor only increased plant height at 4 months after planting. The combination of urea coated with humic acid and urease inhibitors increased plant height at 4 months after planting and root dry weight.

Potential of Combination of Garlic Extract and Polyphenols as a Curative Method for Controlling Ganoderma boninense

2024-08-21T07:26:02+00:00

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease control is currently focused on preventive activities, and curative control techniques are needed to complement existing preventive methods. The use of organic fungicides is an environmentally friendly solution. Garlic extract (GE) and polyphenols (P) have antifungal activities against various types of fungi. Combining these two mixtures was expected to create a synergistic interaction that effectively controls G. boninense curatively. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the combination of GE and P (GE+P) against G. boninense, determine the optimum concentration for killing G. boninense in vitro, and formulate an organic fungicide from GE+P. In vitro assay was conducted using a poisoned food technique, and the compatibility test was done using a checkerboard assay method. Evaluation of growth capacity of treated G. boninense inoculum was evaluated through the Bavendamm test. The curative effect of GE+P combination was assessed by droplet and spraying assay on the colony of G. boninense. The destruction of G. boninense mycelium was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The research results indicate that the combination of GE+P exhibits a synergistic interaction and can damage G. boninense mycelium tissue at a minimum concentration of 0.4%. SEM observations reveal severe damage to G. boninense mycelium tissue at a concentration of 1.6%. The formulation of organic fungicide combination of GE+P successfully produces a homogenous and stable solution with the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) surfactant. Shelf-life testing of the organic fungicide formulation shows stability and no reduction of effectiveness after being stored for six months.

Can Oil Palm Smallholders Become Financially Independent?

2024-08-21T07:26:03+00:00

Oil palm plantations are highly profitable, attracting producers from different backgrounds, including smallholders. However, the industry requires a high investment and long-term financial management. Unfortunately, most smallholders do not have both capacities and thus have limited capacity to self-finance their plantations. This study aims to analyze this condition using data from 964 oil palm smallholdings from 5 groups, namely (i) certified plasma/ex-plasma smallholders, (ii) certified independent partnered smallholders, (iii) noncertified plasma/ex-plasma smallholders, (iv) noncertified independent – partnered smallholders, and (v) noncertified independent – non partnered smallholders in North Sumatra, South Sumatra, Riau, and Jambi. The data were collected in 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2019 by purposive clustered sampling method. The data were descriptively analyzed using a financial calculation approach. All values were converted into the 2019 future value using a 7% interest rate applied for small-scale business loans. Self-finance is assessed in short- and long-term needs. The short-term refers to the minimum household needs, while the long-term is the certification and replanting cost. The minimum household needs were calculated based on the minimum regional wage. Certification refers to RSPO smallholder certification, withfour cost components, namely audit, surveillance, HCV, SIA, and EIA, and corrective actions. Replanting costs refer to Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Perkebunan. The estimation results show that smallholders cannot self-fund their short- and long-term financial needs, which could lead to additional land needs. Long-term financial needs can be managed through group collective action and regular saving within a minimum total group of 250 ha.